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Editor:
Tonya Allen
allen@pop.psu.edu
PRInformation Spring 1999 - Focus on Public Policy
Contents
- Note from the Director
- Faculty Focus
- Staff News
- Student News
- Articles of Interest
- New External Research Funding at PRI
- Selected Publications
PRI researchers have always had an interest in matters of public policy and in the application of social and demographic research to pressing societal problems. The new welfare reform bill - the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 - has stimulated a new round of policy-relevant studies by PRI faculty on the behavioral and economic implications of the new legislation for America's poor population. Dr. Linda Burton, professor of human development & family studies and sociology, is co-investigator of a major new NICHD-supported study which will examine the consequences of welfare reform for disadvantaged children in Boston, San Antonio and Chicago (see article in this issue). Other PRI associates are involved in various research activities that center on economic inequality and whether government assistance programs will ultimately help or hurt poor families and children.
Focusing on specific government aid programs, Dr. Karen Carver, assistant professor of sociology, and Nancy Moss, Pacific Institute for Women's Health, Los Angeles, used the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey to estimate the net effect of participation in two programs, WIC and Medicaid, on infant mortality; and Dr. Pamela Farley Short, professor of health policy and administration and director of the Center for Health Policy Research, with Vicki A. Freedman of RAND, used 1990-1992 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to investigate trends in length of stay on Medicaid rolls and how time limits might impact Medicaid recipients. Dr. Rukmalie Jayakody, assistant professor of human development & family studies, is evaluating barriers (e.g., depression), that often prevent poor mothers from easily making the transition from welfare to work.
Other researchers are investigating the reciprocal dynamics of education and poverty. In a study based on the National Education Longitudinal Study, Dr. Suet-ling Pong, associate professor of education, with Dong-Beom Ju (Kyungpook National University, South Korea), found that both poverty before marital dissolution and an increase in poverty status after marital dissolution were significant determinants of dropping out of high school -- a distinction important for public policy. Dr. Michael Shanahan, assistant professor of human development & family studies, has examined the effects of childhood poverty on cognitive and emotional development in late adolescence. Taking the question to an international level, Dr. David Post, associate professor of comparative and international education, Dr. Leif Jensen, associate professor of rural sociology, and Dr. David Abler, associate professor of agricultural economics, are using waves of national household surveys in Chile, Peru, and Mexico to review the social welfare policy trends in each country as a possible influence on child employment, in exclusion of or in combination with schooling.
The time limits and mandatory work requirements of the 1996 act are one stimulus for a USDA-funded exploration of underemployment in the United States over the last three decades by Dr. Jensen and Dr. Jill Findeis, associate professor of agricultural economics. Their findings show that those monitoring the effects of welfare reform must be attentive to the special challenges posed by America's rural labor markets.
Under a five-year contract with the Pennsylvania Department of Health, Dr. Edward Smith, associate professor of human development & family studies, is evaluating twenty-four Pennsylvania programs aimed at the promotion of sexual abstinence among youth. These programs are funded by a combination of federal and state dollars, and originated in the abstinence-only education provisions of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. The evaluation will focus on changes in knowledge, attitudes, behavioral skills, and behavioral change among youth aged 11-18.
These are just a few of the many projects related to welfare reform underway at PRI. This issue of PRInformation highlights other faculty whose research reflects an interest in the social issues revolving around poverty, inequality, underemployment, and public policy. Never has the need for dispassionate public policy research been greater than it is today.
Daniel T. Lichter
Director
Burton Co-P.I. of Major Welfare Study
Dr. Linda Burton, professor of human development and sociology, is one of five principal investigators who will be conducting a four-year study of the effects of welfare reform on the well-being of children and families. The $19 million study, which will involve researchers from eight universities, is funded largely by NICHD, with additional funding from a number of other agencies and foundations, including the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Annie E. Casey Foundation. In the largest component of the project, researchers will identify and interview 2800 low-income families, half receiving welfare and half working, located in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio. Dr. Burton will direct the ethnographic portion of the study, in which a research team will observe the daily activities of an additional 170 families. The data gathered will provide a detailed picture of welfare reform's effect on families and children, both in terms of the logistical issues facing parents as they comply with the new rules (e.g., improving job skills, conducting job searches, arranging child care) and the consequences of welfare reform on children's health and well-being.
The other principal investigators are William Julius Wilson (urban policy, Harvard University); Robert Moffitt (economics) and Andrew Cherlin (sociology), Johns Hopkins University; Ronald Angel (sociology) of the University of Texas at Austin; and the University of Chicago's P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale (developmental psychology).
The ethnographic team includes Constance Williams (Brandeis University); Robin Jarrett (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Laura Lein (University of Texas at Austin); and Debra Skinner (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill).
PRI will administer $7 million of the grant budget for the ethnographic component of the project, and will conduct geographic and population data analysis. The project's web site is located at http://www.jhu.edu/~welfare/.
Mental Health and Welfare Reform
Dr. Rukmalie Jayakody, assistant professor of human development & family studies, recently completed a study focusing on the ties between mental health and welfare reform. With Dawn Stauffer, doctoral candidate in human development & family studies, Dr. Jayakody analyzed data from 2,609 single mothers, with annual personal incomes less than $20,000, who had been interviewed in the 1994 and 1995 waves of the National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (NHSDA). Of those individuals, 44% had received welfare during the previous year; and 23% of the welfare recipients suffered from a psychiatric disorder, compared to 17% of non welfare recipients. This finding tallies with previous studies which link low income to higher levels of depression and other mental health problems. While it is not certain whether mental health problems are a cause or a consequence of welfare, or both, this study indicates that mental health problems can act as a barrier to potential welfare-leavers, and suggests that mental health services should join education and job training in programs to aid welfare recipients in the transition to employment.
Dr. Mark S. Handcock Studies Income Inequality
Dr. Mark S. Handcock, associate professor of statistics, is currently engaged in a project focusing on income inequality and employment opportunity at the county level. He and Dr. Diane McLaughlin, assistant professor of rural sociology, are examining the influence of industrial restructuring, changing family structure, and variations in labor supply on household income inequality across U.S. counties in 1980 and 1990 and within U.S. counties from 1980 to 1990. The potential relationships among counties, especially neighboring counties, require that these relationships be modelled to ensure unbiased and efficient estimators of the factor effects. Dr. Handcock has focused on the estimation procedures for models that adjust for the spatial dependence in the measures between counties and labor market heterogeneities using correlated random effects. Several different measures of the spatial relationships are being tested independently and jointly in various models. Supported by funding from the USDA's National Research Initiative, the research will shed light on the extent to which incomes are becoming polarized in local areas. A special feature of the measures of change in income inequality used in this study is the ability to identify the shifting of households towards the lower end of the income distribution. The measures are described in a forthcoming book entitled Relative Distribution Methods in the Social Sciences (New York: Springer Verlag). The spatial variation in the measures may reflect geographic clustering of current welfare caseloads, and may make it possible to predict more precisely how welfare reform will impact various geographic areas.
Invited Speakers
Dr. Gordon F. De Jong, Distinguished Professor of Sociology and director, Graduate Program in Demography, presented "The Demographic Future of Pennsylvania" to the House of Representatives Appropriations Committee, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on February 9, 1999.
Dr. Glenn Firebaugh, professor of sociology and demography and editor, American Sociological Review, presented "Trends in World Income Inequality: The Population Component" at the University of Michigan Population Center in October, 1998; and "Is World Income Inequality Still Rising?" at Cornell University's Department of Sociology in April, 1999.
Dr. Patricia Johnson, associate professor of anthropology and women's studies, was invited to present on the topic of "Rapid Fertility Decline in Bangladesh: Assessing the Explanatory Value of Current Models" at the Centre for Development Research, Bangladesh, on November 13, 1998; and at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, on November 16, 1998.
Dr. Nancy Landale, professor of sociology, presented "Does Americanization Have Adverse Effects on Health: Stress, Health Habits and Infant Health Outcomes Among Puerto Ricans" at the Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, on April 9, 1999.
Dr. Daniel Lichter, professor of sociology and director, Population Research Institute, presented "Threats to the Quality of Children's Environments" at the Indiana Family Impact Seminars, Indianapolis, in February, 1999.
Dr. Daniel Lichter, professor of sociology and director, Population Research Institute, and Deborah Graefe, dual-degree graduate student in sociology and demography, presented "Finding a Mate? The Post-Birth Marital and Cohabitation Histories of Unwed Mothers" at the Conference on Nonmarital Childbearing, April 29-30, 1999, at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Dr. Phyllis Mansfield, professor of women's studies and health education and director, Tremin Trust, and Gretchen Gierach, Tremin Trust project manager, presented "The Tremin Trust Research Program: A Unique Intergenerational Dataset on Women's Health" at the Population Association of America meetings in New York City, March, 1999.
Dr. Phyllis Mansfield, professor of women's studies and health education and director, Tremin Trust, gave an invited keynote address entitled "Menopause: New Perspectives and New Data" at the third annual Women's Health, Ages and Stages Conference held at Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, in April, 1999.
Dr. Stephen Matthews, assistant professor of geography and Geographic Information Analysis Core director, presented a public lecture and an undergraduate population geography lecture, and participated in two other lecture courses (on research methods and the political geography of the UK) at the University of Maine as part of Geography Awareness Week, November 15-21, 1998. Dr. Matthews' public lecture was entitled "Measuring Anthropogenic Impacts on Forests in Chitwan, Nepal."
Dr. Martina Morris, professor of sociology and statistics, presented two lectures in her capacity as first Behavioral Science Research Fellow, Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington. The lectures, presented in October 1998, were entitled "The Role of Sexual Networks in the Development of HIV Prevention Strategies" and "Sexual Networks and the Spread of STDs." Dr. Morris also presented "Inequality at the Close of the 20th Century: A Trend of Apparently No Sociological Relevance" at the Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin on November 17, 1998; and "Sexual Networks and HIV" at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on March 18, 1999.
Dr. Michael S. Rendall, associate professor of sociology, presented his paper, written with Jeungil Oh, Heather Joshi, and Georgia Verropoulou, entitled "Childrearing Lifetimes of Britain's Divorce-Revolution Men and Women." to the Royal Statistical Society, Social Statistics Section, London, UK, on December 15, 1998.
Dr. Michael J. Shanahan, assistant professor of Human Development & Family Studies, was one of three keynote speakers at the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation held in Lincoln, Nebraska April 1-2. To exemplify the conference theme, "Agency and the Life Course," Dr. Shanahan discussed his research with the Terman Sample of Gifted Children, the longest running longitudinal data set in the United States.
Dr. David Shapiro, professor of economics and women's studies, presented a paper (co-authored with B. Oleko Tambashe) on "Ethnicity, Education, and Fertility Transition in Kinshasa, Congo" at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Seminar on Reproductive Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, held in Nairobi, Kenya in November, 1998.
Awards and Recognition
Dr. Nancy Landale, professor of sociology, has been elected to the Board of Overseers, General Social Survey, for the term 1999-2003.
Dr. Daniel Lichter, professor of sociology and director, Population Research Institute, was appointed a member of the Council of Advisors, National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University; and was appointed a member of the Committee on Population Statistics, Population Association of America.
Dr. Phyllis Mansfield, professor of women's studies and health education and director, Tremin Trust, was reelected to the board of directors of the Society for Menstrual Cycle Research.
Dr. Martina Morris, professor of sociology and statistics, was selected as the first Behavioral Science Research Fellow, Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington; and was elected to a position on the Methodology Council of the American Sociological Association.
Dr. Suet-ling Pong, associate professor of education, was selected by the AERA Grants Program to participate in the Advanced Institute on HLM for Education Policy Research in Montreal, April 17-19.
Research Leaves
Dr. Mark D. Hayward, professor of sociology, to complete a collaborative series of related studies on the social inequality of chronic health conditions among middle-aged and older persons.
Dr. Nancy S. Landale, professor of sociology, to conduct and write on a detailed analysis of recently collected data from the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study.
Dr. R. Salvador Oropesa, associate professor of sociology, to conduct a detailed analysis and write on recently collected data from the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study.
Dr. Suet-ling Pong, associate professor of education, to examine family, community and school district factors associated with educational achievement in the face of poverty in the United States.
Dr. David M. Post, associate professor of education and human development & family studies, to complete a scholarly monograph on public welfare and education policies in Latin America and their relation to children's economic activity.
Dr. Elizabeth J. Susman, Shibley professor of biobehavioral health, to conduct collaborative research examining the interactions between neuroendocrine and environmental factors and aggressive behavior at the Universite Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg, and the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, Germany.
Tonya Allen, Information Core director, has been named co-vice president of APLIC-I for the 1999-2000 term. APLIC-I is the Association for Population/Family Planning Libraries and Information Centers - International.
Tonya Allen, Information Core director, and Ellen Copper, library assistant, attended the APLIC-I conference in New York City, March 22-24.
Leslie Benson joined the Computer Core as a programmer/analyst.
Joe Broniszewski, Computer Core director, co-organized a meeting of APC computer core representatives at the Population Association of America Meetings in New York City, March 24-26.
Lisa Broniszewski, data archivist, attended the Population Association of America Meetings in New York City, March 24-26; and the IASSIST meetings in Toronto, May 17-21. IASSIST is the International Association for Social Science Information Service & Technology.
Don Gensimore, programmer/analyst, attended the International SAS Users Group Conference in Miami, Florida, in April.
Erin Lesser joined the Administrative Core as a staff assistant.
Jeanne Spicer, manager of programming services, presented a paper entitled "Delivering Geographic Information, Part 2: Just Click My Map Object" at the International SAS Users Group Conference held in Miami, Florida, in April; and was also the Lead Session Coordinator for the Beginning Tutorials Section at that conference.
Sherry Yocum, Coordinator, Research and Administrative Services, attended the Annual P30 Administrator's Meeting in Washington, D.C., October 30, 1998.
New Students in the Graduate Program in Demography
Four students entered the Graduate Program in Demography in the Spring 1999 semester:
Karen Budinger, M.S. and Ph.D. in human development & family studies and demography
Stephen Goodreau, Ph.D. in anthropology and demography
Soek Joon Hwang, Ph.D. in economics and demography
Rebecca Miller, M.A. and Ph.D. in anthropology and demography
Student Awards
Jacinta Bronte-Tinkew was awarded a Population Council fellowship for the 1999-2000 academic year.
Meejung Chin received the 1999 Marion K. Piper International Fellowship from the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS); the fellowship will support her dissertation research.
Rosario Garcia Calderon has been awarded a fellowship under the Population Reference Bureau's Population Policy Communication program. The fellowship will support her dissertation fieldwork in rural Mexico.
Susan Singley has received a one-year postdoctoral International Research Fellow Award from the National Science Foundation to conduct research on "Restructuring the 'Family Wage': Economic and Family Change in New Zealand, 1976-1996" at the University of Waikato's Population Studies Centre.
Silvana Vargas was awarded a Population Council fellowship for the 1999-2000 academic year, and a fellowship under the Population Reference Bureau's Population Policy Communication program. These fellowships will support fieldwork on time allocation among children in rural Peru.
Students Present Research at PAA Meetings
Jacinta Bronte-Tinkew, "Household Structure, Resource Dilution, & Child Nutrition: A Comparative Analysis of Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago"
Erica Gardner (with Dr. Daniel Lichter and Dr. Michael Shanahan), "Good Citizens, Bad Citizens? The Long Term Consequences of Poverty and Family Instability During Childhood"
Tesfayi Gebreselassie (with Karen B. Allen and Michael A. Strong, U.S. Agency for International Development), "Women's Status and Demographic Outcomes Among Economically and Environmentally Stressed Groups in Ethiopia"
Tanya Kenkre, "Comparing Men's and Women's Lifetime Childbearing Unions" (poster)
Joseph Kodamanchaly, "Class Matters: How Different Data Classification Methods Influence Perception of Spatial Patterns" (poster)
Daniel Llanes (with Dr. Nancy Landale and Dr. R. Salvador Oropesa), "Does Americanization have Adverse Effects on Health? Stress, Health Habits and Infant Health Outcomes among Puerto Ricans"
Heidi Melz, "The Effect of Kinship Structure and Women's Status on Desired Family Size in Two Indian States" (poster)
Constance Mugalla, "Children's Health Risk and Household Characteristics in Rural Areas: The Case of the Central River Division of The Gambia" (poster)
Muyiwa Oladosu (with Dr. Gretchen Cornwell and Dr. C. Shannon Stokes), "Silent Arrangements by Couples: Concordance on Future Contraception in Uganda"
Robert Ssengonzi (with Dr. Martina Morris; Maria Wawer, Johns Hopkins University; and Nelson Sewankambo, Makerere University), "Spatial Networks of Sexual Partnerships in a Rural Ugandan Population: Implications for HIV Transmission"
Quynh-Giang Tran (with Dr. Gordon F. De Jong), "For Better, For Worse: Life Satisfaction Consequences of Migration"
Students Sponsor 6th Annual Summer Methodology Workshop on Dyad Modeling
The Statistics Core and graduate students in Demography will host the sixth annual summer methodology workshop in July. The topic of the workshop will be "Dyad Modeling." Speakers will include Dr. Karen Carver, assistant professor of sociology.
Third Annual Family Planning Workshop
The third annual PRI Family Planning Workshop, on the topic of "Family Planning for Population Subgroups," was held in May. Bolaji Fapohunda, demographic consultant, presented "Policies and Programs for Population Subgroups: Family Planning and Men;" and Roberto Rivera and Susan Palmore of Family Health International spoke on postpartum family planning and family planning and adolescents. The three-day event closed with a workshop on using video as a family planning communication strategy.
Demography Dissertation Fellow Certificate Program
Dr. Gordon F. De Jong, Distinguished Professor of Sociology and director, Graduate Program in Demography, and Pramote Prasartkul, associate professor at Mahidol University, Thailand, have developed a Demography Dissertation Fellow Certificate Program to strengthen ties between the two universities. This new program, to be launched in Fall 1999, will provide the opportunity for Mahidol doctoral students to pursue dissertation work under the co-advisement of a PRI faculty member. The students (one to two per academic year) will spend one month to one year in residence at PRI. The program provides a reciprocal opportunity for Penn State Graduate Program in Demography doctoral student residency at the Mahidol University Institute for Population and Social Research.
GIA Core Staff Present Workshop at PAA
Dr. Stephen Matthews, assistant professor of geography and Geographic Information Analysis Core director, organized the PAA pre-conference workshop on "Demographic Research Using GIS," and GIA Core staff (Dr. Matthews, Jim Cameron, and Chris Calienes) presented sessions focusing on the integration of contextual data and spatial analysis techniques. Dr. Matthews discussed strategies for retrofitting an existing project with GIS technologies and designing new projects; Chris Calienes led a hands-on demonstration of the use of address-matching and spatial join tools within Arcview; and Jim Cameron provided a demonstration of Arcview-Splus and Arcview-SpaceStat interfaces for detecting spatial autocorrelation and specifying spatial regression models and spatial analysis. Dr. Matthews reviewed new directions and challenges in demographic applications of GIS and moderated an open forum to conclude the session.
Dr. Stephen Matthews, assistant professor of geography and Geographic Information Analysis Core director, hosted a workshop on April 1 on "The Integration and Analysis of Contextual Data in Child, Youth and Families Research Using GIS." The workshop, sponsored by a grant from the Child, Youth and Families Consortium at The Pennsylvania State University, was attended by twelve CYFC research faculty and provided an overview of GIS concepts and hands-on work with Arcview.
Fall 1999 Family Symposium Focuses on Couples in Conflict
The Fall 1999 Family Symposium, Couples in Conflict, will be held November 1-2 at the Nittany Lion Inn, Penn State. Organized by Dr. Alan Booth, professor of sociology and human development, Ann C. Crouter, and Mari Clements, the symposium will focus on the causes of couple conflict, including societal, bioevolutionary, and interpersonal factors; the consequences, both constructive and negative, of couple conflict for the individuals themselves and for their children; and policies and programs which can prevent couple conflict and its negative results (domestic violence, marital dissolution, ineffective parenting). Lead speakers will include Martin Daly and Margot Wilson, McMaster University; Thomas Bradbury, University of California, Los Angeles; Mark Cummings, Notre Dame University; and Matt Sanders, Queensland University, Australia.
GIS Software Workbook under Development
Dr. Stephen Matthews, assistant professor of geography and Geographic Information Analysis Core director, is collaborating with the Statistical Division of the United Nations to develop a workbook to accompany PopMap and MapScan software. The workbook is entitled "Geographic Information Systems and Their Applications to Population Activities."
NEW EXTERNAL RESEARCH FUNDING AT PRI
Welfare, Children, & Families: A Three City Study
Dr. Linda Burton, professor of human development and sociology, received funding from NICHD and other organizations to study the effects of welfare reform on the well-being of children and families. In this four-year, $19 million study, 2800 low-income families, located in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, will be identified and interviewed. One half of the sample will be receiving welfare at the time of the study's initiation, and half will be working. As one of five principal investigators, Dr. Burton will coordinate an ethnographic study of the daily activities of an additional 170 families. The other principal investigators are Harvard's William Julius Wilson; Robert Moffitt and Andrew Cherlin, both of Johns Hopkins University; Ronald Angel (University of Texas at Austin); and the University of Chicago's P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale.
A Demographic Profile of Pennsylvania's Rural Women
Dr. Gretchen Cornwell, assistant professor of rural sociology, has received funding from the Center for Rural Pennsylvania to conduct a one-year study which will develop a demographic profile of Pennsylvania's rural women and compare the characteristics of rural women with those of urban women and rural and urban men. The project will utilize data collected from Pennsylvania state agencies, and merged 1996-1998 Current Population Survey data.
NICHD Predoctoral Training Grant
Dr. Gordon F. De Jong, Distinguished Professor of Sociology and director, Graduate Program in Demography, received funding from NICHD to support interdisciplinary training in demography for predoctoral students in the Graduate Program in Demography. The four predoctoral trainees will be selected from three participating departments: sociology, anthropology (cultural and biological), and human development & family studies. PRI is one of only ten organizations nationwide to receive funding under this program.
Chronic Health Problems and Retirement
Dr. Mark Hayward, professor of sociology and Statistics Core director, with Amy Pienta (Wayne State University), has received funding from NIA to investigate how specific chronic health conditions across a range of health domains prompt retirement and disability exits; and how characteristics of the work environment accommodate or constrain the work ability of persons with chronic health conditions. Panel data from three waves (covering four years) of the Health and Retirement Study will be used to estimate hazard models of the effects of chronic health conditions on the retirement and disability experiences of retirement-aged workers.
Abler, D.G. and V. Sukhatme (1998) "The Determinants of Wheat and Rice Policies: A Political Economy Model for India." Journal of Economic Development 23(1):195-215.
Booth, A., A.C. Crouter, and M.J. Shanahan (1999). Transitions to Adulthood in a Changing Economy: No Work, No Family, No Future? Westport, CT: Praeger.
Booth, A., D. Johnson, and D.A. Granger (1999). "Testosterone and Men's Health." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 22(1):1-19.
Burton, L.M. and J.E. Graham (1998). "Neighborhood Rhythms and the Social Activities of Adolescent Mothers." In Crouter, A.C. , R. Larson, et al. (eds.), Temporal Rhythms in Adolescence: Clocks, Calendars, and the Coordination of Daily Life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.
Caldwell, L.L., B.D. Kivel, E.A. Smith, and D. Hayes (1998). "The Leisure Context of Adolescents Who Are Lesbian, Gay Male, Bisexual and Questioning Their Sexual Identities: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Leisure Research 30(3):341-355.
Chamratrithirong, A. and G.F. De Jong (1999). "The Quality of Life Consequences of Internal Labor Migration in Thailand." Journal of the National Research Council of Thailand 31(1/2).
Chen, Y.L., A.M. Voda, and P.K. Mansfield (1998). "Chinese Midlife Women's Perceptions and Attitudes about Menopause." Menopause 5(1):28-34.
Cleary, P.D., J. Lubalin, R.D. Hays, P.F. Short, S. Edgman-Levitan, and S. Sheridan (1998). "Debating Survey Approaches." Health Affairs 17(1):265-268.
Durbrow, E. (1999). "Child Competence in Developing Communities: How Rural Caribbean Parents Evaluate Children." In Masten, A. and C. Nelson (eds.), Cultural Processes in Child Development. New York: Erlbaum.
Eggebeen, D.J. and A. Davey (1998). "Do Safety Nets Work? The Role of Anticipated Help in Times of Need." Journal of Marriage and the Family 60(4):939-950.
Granger, D.A., E.B. Schwartz, A. Booth, and M. Arentz (1999). "Salivary Testosterone Determination in Studies of Child Health and Development." Hormones & Behavior 35(1):18-27.
Granger, D.A., L.A. Serbin, A.E. Schwartzman, et al. (1998). "Children's Salivary Cortisol, Internalising Behaviour Problems, and Family Environment: Results from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project." International Journal of Behavioral Development 22:707-728.
Hayward, M.D. and M. Heron (1999). "Racial Inequality in Active Life Among Adult Americans." Demography 36(1):77-91.
Horan, R.D., D.G. Abler, and J. Shortle (1998). "Ambient Taxes When Polluters Have Multiple Choices." Journal of Environmental Economics & Management 36(2):186-199.
Jayakody, R. (1998). "Race Differences in Intergenerational Financial Assistance: The Needs of Children and the Resources of Parents." Journal of Family Issues 19(5):508-533.
Jayakody, R., S. Danziger, and R.C. Kessler (1998). "Early-Onset Psychiatric Disorders and Male Socioeconomic Status." Social Science Research 27(4):371-387.
King, G., D. Grizeau, R. Bendel, C. Dressen, and S.R. Delaronde (1998). "Smoking Behavior among French and American Women." Preventive Medicine 27(4):520-529.
King, G., R. Reece, R. Bendel, and V. Patel (1998). "The Effects of Sociodemographic Variables, Training, and Attitudes on the Lifetime Reporting Practices of Mandated Reporters." Child Maltreatment 3(3):276-283.
King, G., R. Strouse, D.A. Hovey, and L. Zehe (1998). "Cigarette Smoking in Connecticut: Home and Workplace Exposure." Connecticut Medicine 62(9):531-539.
Kittell, L.A., P.K. Mansfield, & A.M. Voda (1998). "Keeping up Appearances: The Basic Social Process of the Menopausal Transition." Qualitative Health Research 8(5):618-633.
Krysan, M. (1998). "Privacy and the Expression of White Racial Attitudes: A Comparison Across Three Contexts." Public Opinion Quarterly 62:506-544.
Landale, N.S., R.S. Oropesa, and D. Llanes (1998). "Schooling, Work, and Idleness among Mexican and Non-Latino White Adolescents." Social Science Research 27(4):457-480.
Lauterbach, W. and M.J. Shanahan (1998). "Die Modernisierung des Agrarsektors: Berufliche Kontinuitat und Wandel in Familienbetrieben." Berliner Journal fur Soziologie 8(1):53-72.
Lichter, D.T., D.K. McLaughlin, and D.C. Ribar (1998). "State Abortion Policy, Geographic Access to Abortion Providers and Changing Family Formation." Family Planning Perspectives 30(6):281-287.
McLaughlin, D.K. (1998). "Rural Women's Economic Realities." Journal of Women and Aging 10(4):41-65.
O'Connor, K.A., D.J. Holman and J.W. Wood (1998). "Declining Fecundity and Ovarian Ageing in Natural Fertility Populations." Maturitas 30(2):127-136.
Polednak, A.P. and G. King (1998). "Birth Weight of US Biracial (Black-White) Infants: Regional Differences." Ethnicity and Disease 8(3):340-349.
Pong, S.-L. (1999). "Gender Inequality in Educational Attainment in Peninsular Malaysia." In C. Heward and S. Bunwaree (eds.) Gender, Education and Development. London: Zeb Books Ltd.
Ramey, C.T., F.A. Campbell, and C. Blair (1998). "The Abecedarian Project: Long-Term Effectiveness of Educational Day Care Beginning at Birth." In J. Crane (Ed.), Social Programs That Work. New York: Russell Sage.
Rendall, M.S., L. Clarke, H.E. Peters, et al. (1999). "Incomplete Reporting of Men's Fertility in the United States and Britain: A Research Note." Demography 36(1):135-144.
Ruback, R.B. (1998). "Warranted and Unwarranted Complexity in the Federal Sentencing Guidelines." Law & Policy 20:357-382.
Sandu, D. and G.F. De Jong (1998). "Political Change, Ideology, and Migration Intentions." Romanian Journal of Sociology 9(2).
Short, P.F. and V.A. Freedman (1998). "Single Women and the Dynamics of Medicaid." Health Services Research 33(5):1309-1336.
Short, P.F. (1998). "Gaps and Transitions In Health Insurance: What Are the Concerns of Women?" Journal of Women's Health 7(6):725-737.
Short, P.F. (1998). "The Measurement of Access--Where Are We Now?" Health Services Research 33(3):711-713.
Susman, E.J., J.W. Finkelstein, V.M. Chinchilli, et al. (1998). "The Effect of Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy on Behavior Problems and Moods in Adolescents with Delayed Puberty." Journal of Pediatrics 133(4):521-525.
Teachman, J., R. Day, K. Carver, V. Call and K. Paasch (1998). "Sibling Resemblance in Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes: The Role of Father Presence." Journal of Marriage & the Family 60(4):835-848.
Terwilliger, J.D. and K.M. Weiss (1998). "Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping of Complex Disease: Fantasy or Reality?" Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9(6):578-594.
Weiss, K.M. (1998). "Coming to Terms with Human Variation." Annual Review of Anthropology 27:273-300.
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PRInformation is published twice yearly by the Population Research Institute, Penn State. Please address correspondence to the editor, Tonya Allen, 601 Oswald Tower, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802-4900.
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